10 Car Engine Components and Their Functions

Lovata Andrean

10 Car Engine Components and Their Functions

Rancakmedia.com – The following is an explanation of car engine components along with an explanation of their functions. Come on, read this article the next time there is damage to your car to prevent it.

Car engine is one of the parts of a car that moves the vehicle. As a result of these features, the engine can be considered an important component of a car.

Why wouldn't you want to know what goes into a car engine? The following is an overview of various car engine components, along with an explanation of their functions.

Fixed and Moving Machine Components

Immovable components and moving components make up the bulk of a car engine, simply put. The following are the components of the two parts:

Not moving

Include machine components that cannot be moved.

  1. Cylinder block or cylinder block
  2. Cylinder head or cylinder head
  3. Oil pan or charter

Move

Moving components of the machine include, but are not limited to:

  1. Crankshaft or crank shaft
  2. Piston (piston)
  3. Connection shaft or cam shaft
  4. Timing gear or timing gear
  5. Valve mechanism or valve mechanisme
  6. Successor wheel or fly wheel

Car engine components and several supporting systems play an important role in vehicle performance. This is the engine that provides the vehicle with movement.

Many components have hundreds or even thousands of pieces. It all depends on how complex the machine is. Because certain engines are equipped with turbochargers, variable manifolds, etc. Not to mention the various valve mechanisms.

We would like to take this opportunity to introduce you to the various components of a car engine and explain how they work. Some of the most important components, although not all.

In addition, we will implement many supporting systems on the machine so that it can start up and operate effectively.

Car Engine Components

Diesel and petrol engines share almost all of your major components. To withstand more pressure and heat than gasoline engines, diesel engines require more powerful engines.

Additionally, fuel and combustion systems vary, which impacts system performance. Some parts and accessories of Mercedes car engines are shown below.

  1. Information
  2. Intake and exhaust system
  3. Ignition system
  4. Fuel system
  5. injector
  6. Starter system
  7. Lubrication system
  8. Machine components with balancer
  9. Cooling system
  10. Thermostat
  11. Valve mechanism

Car Engine Components and Their Functions

Next, we'll cover some of the most important components and what they do.

Cylinder and Cylinder Block

The cylinder block is the core of the engine. In the cylinder, a continuous combustion process occurs. Cast iron is the traditional material for engine blocks, but aluminum alloys are now widely used.

This is because aluminum is lighter than cast iron and can transfer heat better than cast iron. The aluminum cylinder block of the BMW N20 engine can be seen in the image below. On the right is mentioned the method of hardening the cylinder block using a certain technique.

The names of the cylinder block components mentioned above are as follows:

  1. Oil return duct
  2. Cylinder boron
  3. Water Jacket
  4. Blow by-duct
  5. Clean oil
  6. Unfiltered oil
  7. Cylinder

A cylinder creates a combustion chamber with a cylinder head, piston, and cylinder liner. In addition, the cylinder is where the piston goes up and down.

The layers of the cylinder determine its many types. The types are single-piece type and liner type. In the single-piece type, the cylinder and block are one. And for the liner type, the cylinder is forced onto the cylinder block.

Cylinder Type

A few more thoughts on cylinder placement. Based on cylinder configuration, there are four types of engines.

In-line type

The cylinders are positioned parallel so that the engine becomes longer as the number of cylinders increases.

Type V

This cylinder arrangement resembles the letter V. V-type engines are more visually attractive than in-line engines. In addition, there are fewer crankshaft bearings.

VR Type

In one of the European companies, you produce the VR type. The cylinders are stacked in this way, similar to a V, but at closer angles. It appears to be an inline machine from the outside.

Flat or Boxer type

In one crankshaft, the cylinders are arranged in two rows, facing each other

In this type, the engine height is lowered but becomes wider.

W type

The arrangement of these cylinders resembles the letter W. The VR engine has been combined in such a way that it looks like the letter W. However, from the outside, it looks like a V engine.

Cylinder head

The cylinder head is positioned on the top surface of the cylinder block and functions to create a combustion chamber. The cylinder head also contains a water jacket and oil passages. Suction ports and exhaust ports are included with the 4-stroke engine. And there is also a valve mechanism.

Depending on the shape of the combustion chamber, where the camshaft is located, how the valves work, and other factors, the cylinder head is made in different ways.

Generally, cylinder heads consist of aluminum, which is more effective at conducting heat. However, there are also those made of cast iron.

Piston

The piston rises and falls in the cylinder to perform the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust strokes. The piston's main job is to take pressure from the combustion products and send it to the crankshaft via the connecting rod.

  1. Let's take a look at the piston structure.
  2. The head is the piston head.
  3. The ring grove is the area for inserting the piston ring.
  4. Pistons usually have three grooves.
  5. Oil return slot, which is located in the ring gap.
  6. The oil will be pressed by the ring to return to the oil crankcase through this hole
  7. Piston pin hole is a hole for the piston pin.
  8. Piston gap with cylinder.

When installing the piston, we must remember that there is a certain distance between the piston and the cylinder wall (piston clearance). Piston clearance varies depending on the engine. In general, the size is approximately 0,02-0,12 mm.

This condition is measured at room temperature of approximately 25 C. If it is too thin, the piston may jam during expansion. So the friction gets stronger and can harm the engine.

If the piston gap is high, compression pressure will decrease so that engine power will decrease. The combustion chamber can also burn oil.

Piston Rings

The piston is separated from the cylinder wall by a cavity. When the piston is pushed down, the piston rings are used to prevent leaks from occurring. The piston ring is installed in the piston ring groove. The diameter is larger than the piston.

And it's made from a special type of cast steel that keeps the cylinder walls from being damaged and helps heat pass through. The oil ring is the lowest piston ring. This prevents oil from entering the combustion chamber.

Installation tips

  1. Piston rings will also expand when heated.
  2. Therefore, the piston ring is cut and has a gap.
  3. These gaps have varying diameters.
  4. Typically, 0,2-0,5 mm at room temperature.
  5. When placed, the gaps should not be parallel.

Connecting Rod and Piston Pin

The engine's piston is connected to its crankshaft via a connecting rod. The reciprocating movement of the piston rotates the crankshaft in a circle thanks to the connecting rod.

It must be light, strong and resistant to compression stress. Important! Connecting rods must be placed according to the markings. If incorrect installation closes the oil hole,

Crankshaft

The crankshaft receives combustion pressure through the piston and connecting rod. The rotating motion of the piston will be converted into rotational motion.

In a 4-stroke engine, the crankshaft rotates twice to complete one work cycle. It consists of suction, compression, effort, and exhaust.

This implies that every two revolutions of the crankshaft, combustion occurs (720 degrees). Combustion occurs every 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation in a four-cylinder engine.

Crankshaft Bearings

Combustion pressure places a heavy load on the crank pin and journal. As a result, oil is used to lubricate some bearings.

Road metal and sit metal are terms we use more frequently in the field.

A bearing number is written on each. When replacing the bearing, use it according to the instructions in the handbook.

Flywheel (Successor Wheel)

The stroke effort produces torque, which is stored in the flywheel. The following piston stroke utilizes this energy. Torque converters replace them in cars with automatic transmission.

On the flywheel, there is a ring gear positioned on the outside. which functions as a clutch with the starter motor.

Engine Balancer

The engine balancer is placed so that the engine rotates more smoothly. There are markings on each component to pay attention to during assembly and disassembly.

Valve Mechanism

In an engine, the valve mechanism regulates how the valves open and close in response to the demands of the engine.

Car Engine Completeness

The following is a complete list of car engines and their functions, including:

Lubrication System

Its job is to lubricate engine components to prevent wear. Oil pan, oil pump, oil filter, and so on are some of the components.

Cooling System

It is the job of the engine cooling system to keep the engine running at a safe temperature. Components include radiator, hoses, thermostat, water pump, radiator cap, etc.

Intake and Exhaust System

Air and fuel enter the combustion chamber through the intake system. Components start with the air filter, intake manifold, etc.

The exhaust system helps evacuate residual combustion gases to the outside air. The exhaust manifold serves as the starting point for the system components.

Fuel System

The fuel system feeds gasoline from the tank to the intake or into the cylinders. Components ranging from fuel tanks, petrol pumps, petrol filters, injectors or carburetors, etc.

Starter System

When the engine key is pressed, the starter system will work to make the engine move. Starter motor components

Charging System

While the engine is running and the car is on the road, the charging system supplies power to the electrical load and recharges the battery.

Ignition System

The ignition system ensures that the spark plugs in the engine fire at the right time so that the fuel can burn properly.

Traditional ignition uses a battery, coil, and distributor, as well as plug wires, breaker points, and electrodes, among other components.

Conclusion

This is the part of the engine that provides propulsion for the vehicle. All of these components have interrelated functions, so damage to one element will have an impact on other parts.

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Lovata Andrean

Hi, I'm Lovata, I'm not Ai but I am a content writer for SEO, Technology, Finance, Travel, Cooking Recipes and others. I hope this can be useful for all my friends. Thanks